What is Abaqus ?

The ABAQUS suite of software for finite element analysis (FEA) has the ability to solve a wide variety of simulations. The ABAQUS suite consists of three core products - ABAQUS/Standard, ABAQUS/Explicit and ABAQUS/CAE.

• ABAQUS/Standard is designed to solve traditional implicit finite element analyses, such as static, dynamics, and thermal. It is equipped with a wide range of contact and nonlinear material options. ABAQUS/Standard also has optional add-on and interface products, as well as integration with third party software.
• ABAQUS/Explicit is focused on transient dynamics and quasi-static analyses using an explicit approach appropriate in many applications such as drop test, crushing and many manufacturing processes.
• ABAQUS/CAE provides a modeling and visualization environment for ABAQUS analysis products. It offers access to CAD models, advanced meshing and visualization, and an exclusive view towards ABAQUS analysis products. ABAQUS/CAE is used mainly for pre- and post-processing. Note that this part of the ABAQUS software is not running on HPCVL machines, but on a user client machine.

Version

The most recent version of Abaqus on our systems is Abaqus 6.11. Earlier versions are available but not supported.

Location and Access

This software is only available on the Linux systems. All versions of the Abaqus package are located in the directory /opt/abaqus.

To use Abaqus on our machines, you have to be covered by an academic Abaqus license outside of the Centre for Advanced Computing, i.e. you have to be a "licensed University User of Abaqus". It is furthermore required that you read through the Abaqus Licensing Policy, and sign a statement.

Note that our license does count as a license for Queen's University. We will confirm your statement, and you will added to a Unix group "abaqus", which enables you to run the software. Contact us if you are in doubt of whether you will be able to run Abaqus on our system. We also will submit your name and affiliation to Abaqus Inc. for a check if a prior university license exists.

Licensing

The Fluent license is "seat limited" and "process limited". At present, there are the following licensing limits on our systems:

25 program runs plus 512 parallel processes

i.e. at most 25 separate sessions can be run simultaneously (serial or parallel). Each of these sessions can run up to 4 processes for a total of 100. In addition, it is possible to run up to 512 "parallel only" processes in total. One scenario would be 24 users have 24 process parallel jobs running, and another one with 36, thus using up all available Fluent resources.

Running Fluent

Setup

Setup through the "usepackage" command:

use abaqus

will add the proper directories to the PATH and enable using the software. This needs to be done on the Linux workup node swlogin1.

Interactive runs

These instructions in this section are only useful if you want to use the graphical user interface of Fluent, for instance to set up a job, or pre- and post-process a production job. If you want to run a production job, please refer to to instructions on how to start a Fluent batch job (see below).

Invoke a graphical user interface by typing

fluent

from the command prompt. You must be on the Linux login node swlogin1 or another Linux node to do this.

The first choice you have to make is if you are solving a two- or a three-dimensional problem, and if you want to do so in single or double precision. You can do so by typing 2d, 3d, 2ddp, or 3ddp, following the fluent command, or you select this from the GUI that appears when you issue the "fluent" command.

All commands can be issued in manually or by clicking on the GUI and selecting the appropriate sub-choices. Note that if you want to type a command yourself, and you do not know what your choices are, simply pressing the Enter key will give you a list of applicable commands.

It's not possible here to outline how to use Fluent. In many cases, you will want to read in a case file, which has all the required information to describe the system you want to simulate. Such case files have the file extension .cas. Load them by issuing the /file/read-case command or selecting the corresponding menu-commands in the GUI. You can now check and display the grid, specify boundary conditions and material properties, initialize the flow, and perform calculations.

Results are usually saved by the /file/write-case-data command. During an interactive session, it is sometimes a good idea to keep a journal file which records all commands that you have typed in or issued via the GUI. This journal file can later be used as a template for a batch command file. Define the journal file with the /file/start-journal command.

Documentation for Ansys-14 Fluent can be accessed directly from the Fluent GUI by pressing the "Help" button on the upper right (html format), or in pdf format in /opt/fluent/ansys-16.0/v140/commonfiles/help/en-us/pdf on the Linux login node swlogin1.

Note that the documentation is only accessible if you are signed up as a Fluent user on our system.

Batch runs

Fluent can be run in batch mode. Since you likely have access to Fluent on your local machines, most interactive work can be done elsewhere, whereas the computationally intensive runs can be executed on a parallel system such as ours.

For this, you have to set up a batch command file that consists of a sequence of commands that are issue to Fluent. To get an idea how such a batch command file looks, you can produce a journal file during an interactive session, and edit it later to eliminate unnecessary commands. Note that this needs to be done using the command line inside Fluent, not the menu buttons of the GUI. In fact, it is best to generate journal files in sessions that have been started with the -g option, i.e. that do not use the GUI at all.

The "Text User Interface" that has to be used for writing batch files is documented in the Fluent documentation. Here is an example for a simple batch file that reads in a "case", initializes the flow, and runs 200 iterations. At the end a "data file" is printed and Fluent exits.

rc fan.cas
/solve/initialize/initialize-flow
/solve/iterate 1
/file/write-data fan_1
exit
yes

Let's call this file "example.flin". Note that every command has to be included in the batch command file, including the answer "yes" to the question if you really want to exit the program without saving the case file. Once you have produced a working command file, you can test it by calling

fluent 3ddp -g -i example.flin

We have assumed you are running a three-dimensional solver in double precision. You will have to alter this entries when the case is different. Make sure that the output file for the data (in this case, "fan_1.dat") does not exist before you start the job, otherwise the system will query if you want to over-write it and the answer is not in your command file.

Once everything works you could submit this job into the background (using bash) by typing

fluent 3d -g -i example.flin > example.flout 2>&1 & 

This would redirect standard output and standard error to example.flout. The point is that Fluent is run non-interactively this way, i.e. we can use the same technique to submit a production job to the scheduler, as shown in the next section.

Production runs

To submit a production job on our clusters, you must use the Grid Engine scheduler. To obtain details, read our Grid Engine help file. Production jobs that are run without scheduler will be terminated by the system administrator.

For a Fluent production job, this means that rather than issuing the above batch command directly, you wrap it into a Grid Engine script that looks somewhat like this:

#!/bin/bash
#$ -S /bin/bash
#$ -q abaqus.q
#$ -l qname=abaqus.q
#$ -V
#$ -cwd
#$ -pe shm.pe 12
#$ -m be
#$ -M hpcXXXX@localhost
#$ -o STD.out
#$ -e STD.err
rm fan_1.dat
. /opt/fluent/ansys-16.1/setup_64bit.sh
fluent 3ddp -t$NSLOTS -g -i example.flin

Here we are running the above example batch file "example.flin" using 12 processors on a parallel machine. The output and any error messages from the system are re-directed to files called "STD.out" and "STD.err", respectively. The "#$ -q" and "#$ -l" entries force execution on the Linux cluster (important!). Email notification is handled by the "#$ -m" and "#$ -M" lines. Replace "hpcXXXX" by your actual username and make sure that a file called ".forward" that contains you actual email address is in your home directory. This practice makes it impossible for other users to see your email address.

Many Fluent jobs that you run on our machines are likely to be quite large. To utilize the parallel structure of our machines, Fluent offers several options to execute the solver in a parallel environment, i.e. on several CPU's simultaneously. The default option for such runs is MPI i.e., it uses the Message Passing Interface for inter-process communication.

To take advantage of the parallel capabilities of Fluent, you have to call the program with additional command line options that specify the details of your parallel run:

• -tn where n is the number of processors requested, e.g. if you want to run with 8 processors, you would use the option -t12
• -g specifies that the GUI should be surpressed. This is required for batch jobs.

Parallel jobs of longer runtime should only be run in batch using the Grid Engine. The number of processors "12" specified in our example script appears only once, after

#$ -pe shm.pe

which is where you let the Grid Engine know how many processors to allocate to run the program. The internal environment variable NSLOTS will automatically be set to this value and can then be used in the fluent command line.

It is also necessary to source a setup file called setup_64bit.sh. This will set various environment variables and enable the Fluent program to properly interact with Grid Engine. If you are interested, take a look. The file is readable.

All processes are allocated within a single node. This is to make communication more efficient and to avoid problems with the control by Gridengine. The effect of this is that, while still using MPI, Fluent employs a so-called shared-memory layer for communication. The disadvantage is that the size of the job is restricted by the number of cores on a node. Once the script has been adapted (let's call it "fluent.sh"), it can be submitted to the Gridengine by

qsub fluent.sh

from the login node. Note that the job will appear as a parallel job on the Grid Engine's "qstat" or "qmon" commands. Note also that submission of a parallel job in this way is only profitable for large systems that use many CPU cycles, since the overhead for assigning processes, preparing nodes, and communication between them is considerable.

There is an easier way to do this: We are supplying a small perl script called that can be called directly, and will ask a few basic questions, such as the name for the job to be submitted and the number of processes to be used in the job. Simply type

AnsysSubmit

and answer the questions. The script expects a Fluent input file with "file extension" .flin to be present and will do everything else automatically. This is meant for simple Fluent job submissions. More complex job submissions are better done manually.

Further Help

Fluent is a complex software package, and requires some practice to be used efficiently. In this FAQ we can not explain it use in any detail.

The documentation for Fluent can be access from inside the program GUI by clicking on the "Help" button on the upper right. This is in html format. The pdf version of the docs can be found in

/opt/fluent/ansys-16.0/v140/commonfiles/help/en-us/pdf

Fluent documentation is subject to the same license terms as the software itself, i.e. you have to be signed up as a Fluent user in order to access it.

If you are experiencing trouble running a batch command script, check carefully if the sequence of commands is exactly in sync with the program. This might mean typing them in interactively as a test. If you have problems with the Grid Engine, read our FAQ on that subject, and maybe consult the manual for that software which is accessible as a PDF file. HPCVL also provide user support in the case of technical problems: just send email to cac.help@queensu.ca.